The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. Blignaut, Charl. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. [234] These also involved corruption related financial difficulties at some state owned enterprises such as Eskom and South African Airways that had a notable negative economic impact on the country's finances. Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. Pearson Longman. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. Get in touch! As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. Kholwa (Southern African origin), meaning "believe" and is found in both Ndebele and Zulu cultures. Britain's eventual defeat of the Zulus, marking the end of the Zulu nation's independence, was accomplished with the assistance of Zulu collaborators who harboured cultural and political resentments against centralised Zulu authority. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. The monarchy came to an end on 31 May 1961, replaced by a republic as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming the Republic of South Africa. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. [238] A lack of investment in new power generating capacity and an aging fleet of existing power plants was the initial cause of the crisis. At the outbreak of World War I, South Africa joined Great Britain and the Allies against the German Empire. Magombo Swahili, African, Swazi (Rare) Meaning unknown, possibly related from the fore name of the same name. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. 78. [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. Lwando Southern African. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). It is likely that around 50% of white men of military age served during the war, more than 146,000 whites. This aim was complicated by border conflicts with the Boers, who soon developed a distaste for British authority. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. Means "nation" in Xhosa. In 2015, the discovery near Johannesburg of a previously unknown species of Homo was announced, named Homo naledi. 5. Abimbola: After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. 6. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. 35. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. Afrikaner settlers in particular were loath to live under Moshoesoe's authority and among Africans.[84]. In 1872, after a long political struggle, it attained responsible government with a locally accountable executive and Prime Minister. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. On 28 May 1941, Smuts was appointed a Field Marshal of the British Army, becoming the first South African to hold that rank. 27. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. Genocide: A History. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. 2. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. The . [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. By our Terms of use and Privacy Policy split along racial and ethnic.. To South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there in Xhosa administration taken! 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